Which characteristic defines a saturated solution?

A saturated solution is defined by its ability to contain the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a specific temperature. This occurs when the rate of dissolution of the solute equals the rate of precipitation, leading to a dynamic equilibrium between dissolved solute and undissolved solute. In such a state, any additional solute added to the solution will not dissolve; instead, it will remain as solid particles.

Understanding this characteristic is crucial for various applications in chemistry, such as preparing solutions with precise concentrations and predicting solubility behavior under different conditions. The other choices do not accurately describe a saturated solution: the absence of solvent would imply no solution exists, a distinct odor is unrelated to saturation, and being solid at room temperature pertains to the physical state of the substance rather than its saturation level.