What is the purpose of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

A catalyst plays a crucial role in chemical reactions by increasing the reaction rate without undergoing any permanent change itself. This means that while it facilitates the reaction, it remains unchanged and can be used repeatedly. By providing an alternative pathway with a lower activation energy, catalysts allow reactants to convert into products more quickly, thus accelerating the reaction process.

This characteristic of a catalyst is fundamental for many processes in nature and industry, as it enables reactions to occur at lower temperatures and pressures, enhancing efficiency. The use of catalysts is pivotal in various applications, from industrial manufacturing to biological systems where enzymes act as natural catalysts.

The other options do not accurately reflect the role of a catalyst. A catalyst does not change the temperature of the reaction, provide energy, or directly stabilize products; instead, its primary function is to facilitate and expedite the reaction process itself.