What class of medications do barbiturates belong to?

Barbiturates belong to the class of medications known as hypnotics. They are primarily used to induce sleep and are effective as sedatives due to their ability to depress the central nervous system. These medications work by enhancing the effects of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which slows down brain activity and promotes drowsiness.

While barbiturates can also have anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) effects similar to some tranquilizers, their primary classification is within hypnotics due to their primary role in sleep induction. They are distinct from analgesics, which are pain relievers, and stimulants, which increase alertness and energy levels. Thus, recognizing the main therapeutic use and effect of barbiturates is key to understanding their classification as hypnotics.